While this photograph was taken at a Church Revival, the stand and tables are representative of the ones at Greenville for the Fourth of July in 1854. (Google sites)
How was an ante-bellum Fourth of July celebrated on the Texas Frontier? In many ways it was similar to our celebrations next week at this time. Yet, in other ways Americans would not find it at all comfortable or great entertainment.
Alfred T. Howell described the events in 1853 and 1854 in letters to his brother Morton. Howell had recently moved to Hunt County in 1853, the population of Greenville was very small with most people living on farms out of town. As always, the weather was hot, water was scarce and Howell reported no festivities. In fact, he simply stated it was DULL.
The following year things had taken a turn for the better for Howell. He was beginning to be viewed as a reliable attorney, or at least one with a “library” of books in his office/ living space. Actually, the library was one bookcase he made with the help of a young boy. The books were his personal collection the family in Virginia was mailing him in small batches.
Howell was scheduled to give a speech along with John Wilson, another local attorney. Major Wiley A. Mattox was appointed to read the Declaration of Independence. However, at the last minute the program changed. Burrill P. Smith, a candidate for District Attorney was in Greenville and asked to speak. Tom Moffitt expressed his desire to speak even though unsolicited and against the wishes of almost everyone. Howell found “dissatisfaction in regard to the number of speeches, so I expressed my intention not to speak, and then I was appointed to read” the Declaration of Independence perhaps (from Howell’s letter).
The celebration was held in the Sabine Bottom where barbeque was prepared. Seats and a stand for food had been made for the occasion. There was nothing beautiful or even attractive in the location, but Howell felt it attractive with woods and creeks. He held great appreciation of nature.
By noon an immense crowd had assembled. The Marshall made the announcement and then a prayer was said. Howell made his brief speech. Wilson got up to speak but was cut short by the arrival of a flag and drum with someone singing coming from a short distance. Wilson then finished. The other two men gave their speeches, although no length of time for each was noted.
Dinner was announced with old ladies served first. Martial music entertained during the dinner where men, then women, and finally children were served. Local grogeries closed for the event so little or no liquor could be found. Everything was conducted with utmost order and decorum.
After speeches and a big meal, a dance for young people was held in the courthouse. Foot races attracted and excited quite a crowd. After supper a cotillion or dance was held, although there were few women in attendance. By dark the celebration was over, families who lived on the prairies were on the way home, and everybody agreed it was a good, old patriotic event.