President Mayo’s Tombstone

Important reminder  
For the flu season

“Ka-chew,” said Lew to Miss Sue.
“Ka-chew,” was the answer to Lew.
‘Twas a sneeze and a squeeze,
And a squeeze and a sneeze,
For Sue, and Lew, too, had the flu.

It’s time to get flu shots.
Call your doctor!

(Complements of the late Otis C. Spencer, author of Cow Hill “Bits & Pieces”, An Irreverent History of Commerce and Its People, Volume One.

The Professor Mayo Monument on the campus of Texas A&M University – Commerce in Commerce, Texas. Michael Barera, photographer.

Professor Mayo, the man who made the college great, died in 1917, hours before the realization of his dream of his college becoming a state institution. Mrs. Mayo, died in October 1918, seven months after a second marriage to her private secretary, J. L. Booth. Mr. Mayo is buried on the campus and Etta Booth Mayo Booth is buried at Rosemound Cemetery. (And no, I have no idea why Etta had the word Booth in her name twice. Something worth looking into. She was a fascinating woman)

Otis Spencer was a wonderful teacher, historian and friend. Along with Maude Johnson and Dorothy Moore, the trio collected a great amount of information about our neighbors to the northeast. Their motto was that history has been defined as a set of socially-agreed on facts. One of Dr. Spencer’s history teachers told his classes that after an interesting story, “If that was not true, it should have been.”

As mentioned above, Mr. Mayo was buried under a red granite monument, behind Henderson Hall, that marks his grave. Dr. Spencer told an unusual story about the burial of Mayo. When he died, Mrs. Mayo requested that he be buried on the campus and she wanted to make sure that he would never be moved. So, she hired William J. McKittrick, Commerce’s concrete paver, to pour concrete over the Mayo coffin before the grave was filled with dirt.

During the solemn graveside ceremony for Mr. Mayo, Mr. McKittrick’s machine could be heard in the background mixing concrete, a disturbing overture to the long Mayo eulogies. Finally, when the ceremony was over and the crowd disbursed, Mr. McKittrick walked over and yelled down into the open grave. “Mr. Mayo, if you are ever going to come out, come out now. I am going to cover you with concrete.” Then the grave was filled with dirt and “Professor” William L. Mayo continues to rest on the campus.

Later, students and alumni decided to build a monument to Mr. Mayo. Over several years, the group collected $3,455.60, contributed by 282 individuals. The red granite monument was dedicated on June 25, 1926 and stands today as a campus landmark. For many years, the “Mayo’s Ex’es” students who went to school under Mr. Mayo, held their homecoming reunion at the Mayo gravesite, until their last reunion in 1984.

You ask, “Why was Mr. Mayo not addressed as Dr. Mayo?” The simple answer was he didn’t hold a PhD. He was a simple teacher who had a school in Bonham. When it burned and the citizens of Bonham were not enthusiastic to pay for a new structure, Mayo came to Commerce where the residents welcomed him. PhDs in northeast Texas came later.

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Two Presbyterian Churches Merge into One

This vintage postcard shows the sanctuary of Grace Presbyterian Church that stood at 2204 Wesley Street, on the southwest corner of the Wesley and Henry Streets intersection. (Photo courtesy of Paul Plunket)

Shortly after Greenville became a community in 1846, new residents began to build churches. The first was a Baptist Church followed by a Methodist Church. The third church built in town was organized as a Cumberland Presbyterian Church, circa 1863. John E. Nicholson was the first minister. Very little is known about Reverend Nicholson or his family. This was during the height of the Civil War; few records and no newspapers were available. But we know the young congregation persevered. In 1905 a roster of members was 99; 47 active adults, 15 active young people, and 37 non-active members.

As the church grew, one particular gentleman was a member of the Board of Elders. V. W. Grubbs was known throughout the entire state of Texas for his opinions of prohibition and
vocational education. Grubbs was also owner of a local newspaper where he published his ideas and opinions.

In 1908 the name of the church was changed from Cumberland Presbyterian Church to Grace Presbyterian. In 1958 the United Presbyterian Church of USA re-united with Presbyterian Church of US. The United Presbyterian Church that Grace was affiliated with was formed during the Great Revival of 1800. A disagreement over the mechanics of revivals caused the Presbyterian to split into two denominations. By 1810 the Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized with most congregations in the South; although other flourished throughout the United States. The Cumberland sect developed a socially progressive tradition.

The Presbyterian US group was first organized in Philadelphia in 1706 by John Calvin. While older than the Cumberland sect, it took some time to arrive in Greenville. The church was organized in 1880 with a dozen charter members, under the auspices of Reverent W. N. Dickey, evangelist and Superintendent of Missions for the Paris Presbytery and Dr. H. B. Boude, president Austin College in Sherman. Austin College was and still is supported by the Presbyterian Church.

For the first fourteen years that the second Presbyterian Church was in Greenville, it was under the Presberty with monthly meetings in the courthouse, city hall, and other public buildings. In 1888 the congregation purchased a lot on the southeast corner of Wesley and Pickett Street and erected a frame building of their own. Dr. Charles T. Caldwell was the first full-time minister. Dr. T. O. Perrin served from 1914 to 1920, and again from 1930 through 1948. Both times were during painful years, not only in Greenville but throughout the entire nation. While Dr. Perrin was in the pulpit, the congregation voted to building a brick building at the corner of Wesley and Jordan in 1915. In 1962, First Presbyterian as it was known, joined the other congregations moving to the south side of town. The new church was and still is located in the 5900 block of South Stonewall Street.

As church membership has decreased in the 21st century and the two denominations were officially united, the two churches Grace and First Presbyterian, agreed to merge. With two outstandingly beautiful buildings, the members decided to put both churches on the market to sell. The first church to be sold would mean that the other building would be their new church. Grace Church sold leaving First Presbyterian as the new home of United Presbyterian of Greenville. The plan has been so successful that within the last two or three years it was necessary to enlarge the facility.

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Why did Dr. Schoonover Come to Greenville?

A house similar in style of the Schoonover Steamboat House.
All had wrap-around porches and Victorian style embellishments.
(Galvan House, Corpus Christi, Texas)

One would be surprised to meet Dr. Schoonover on the streets of Greenville, much less to turn to him for medical problems. He was a Yankee, raised in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and Captain of the Eleventh Indians Cavalry. And in 1869 he arrived in Greenville to practice medicine.

Dr. Schoonover must have been a gentlemanly sort with correct behaviors and manners. After all, he was born in Randolph County, Virginia. He was the ninth of fourteen children of William and Charlotte Mostellar Schoonover. His father immigrated to America as a young man and became a successful farmer. Jefferson Schoonover received his literary education at Adrian, Michigan, and was in school at the opening of the Civil War.

The next day after the fall of Fort Sumter, Schoonover and a number of his schoolmates, left school to volunteer for the Union Army. At first, he entered the First Michigan Infantry and remained for a short time. Then he enlisted in the Eleventh Indiana Cavalry. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to Captain. He served primarily with the Army of the Potomac and was in active duty until January 1866.

He took two courses of medical lectures after the war at State University at Ann Arbor, Michigan before finishing his medical training at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York where he graduated in 1869. The West seemed to call him. He located in Greenville in 1870. At that time there were few medical doctors in Hunt County.

In April 1876, Dr. Schoonover was appointed postmaster at Greenville where he served until 1886. During the last four years of his term, he had to give up his medical profession and devote his entire time to attending to the duties of his office.

Before arriving in Greenville, Dr. Schoonover married Mary Elizabeth Marshall, his sweetheart from Adrian, Michigan. The couple were parents of three daughters, Alice Emma, Florence Berta, and Francis H.

Dr. Schoonover was a Republican and received his appointment as postmaster at Greenville as such. Coming to Greenville at that time, he labored under rather trying circumstances. Yet, he made many friends. He differed widely from the majority of his fellow townsmen in politics, yet he earned their respect. He became a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church (Wesley) and was prominent in Sunday School Work. The Schoonover family lived in a delightful Steamboat House two blocks north of Lee Street. Like the family, the house is no longer there.

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Race Records

Cover of an Okeh record ca. 1920. (Library of Congress)

Any idea what “race records” are? Could they be the data the UIL keeps in Austin each spring when high school track and field events occur? Not really. Maybe they keep the results of the Kentucky Derby? Guess again. They popped up in the 1920s when music recordings became popular.

But “race records” were limited to a certain group or race of Americans. They were music for Black audiences. During the time Jim Crow laws ruled the South, Blacks were excluded from most white culture. This led to the Great Migration, when Black men and women and even families moved north for better jobs, for a better life in the 1920s.

Race records were advertised in Black films, music, and publications. While a record would cost two hours work, they sold quickly because the performers were seldom paid. Whites were seldom aware of or even cared about this new art form.

Ragtime, vaudeville, all-black orchestras began in 1890 when George W. Johnson first recorded a “race record.” In 1920, a black musician named Perry Bradford went to Okeh (Okay) records in Chicago. He convinced the company to record Black musicians and sell the records with the “foreign” records. Hesitantly Okeh records began with Mamie Smith, a blues singer who recorded two songs. Immediately about 75,000 records sold. When Smith recorded “Crazy Blues” later, it sold 100,000 records and led the way for other record labels to get on-board. However, most race records were owned by whites, who often exploited the muscians in several ways.

Gradually whites became aware of the new music styles. The music was then rebranded as Rhythm and Blues. By the 1930s, the music was a way to survive the Great Depression.

A Greenville native set a precedence for “Race Records”. Arizona Dranes may have been born in rural Hunt County. She became known as the first pianist to make a gospel record. She created a spirit/flesh communion that would later be known as the “Gospel Beat”. Yet, she was known for playing ragtime, barrelhouse, and boogie-woogie.

In the 1930s Dranes became valuable to the Church of God in Christ for her musical talent that drew new members to churches throughout Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Ohio, and finally California.

If anyone has knowledge of Arizona Dranes, please contact me at carolcoleytaylor@gmail.com. I really want to know more about this incredible woman.

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Blame It On The Census

Census -Taker in 1870 taking the census in a small American town. (Amazon.com)

Have you filled out your census for 2020 and submitted it? I did ours in late January, pushed the Submit button, and forgot about it. Well, not forgot, just fussed. There was very little, if any, historical or genealogical information asked.

One hundred years ago, the census returns reported changes in American population, beliefs, and residences. We can trace societal differences we see today in Red and Blue States from that point on.

The 1920 census showed more city residents than rural residents, albeit 51.2 percent were urban and 48.8 percent rural. Change was on the way. From the very first census in 1790, most Americans lived on farms, throughout the country.

What caused the changes? After World War I (1917-1918 for the US) a poor farm economy drove many young people to factory jobs in the cities. Also, and extremely important, after 1830 more of the country’s population growth came from immigrants who settled in urban areas. They had a huge impact on control of state legislatures, Congress, and even the presidency.

As we all know, the number of Congressmen in the House of Representatives is based on populations. The demographics noted above threatened the rural states’ hold on political power who did not want to lose to cities. Cities were viewed as hotbeds of unionism, socialism, and progressivism. As a result, the 1920 census was the only one in U. S. history that did not result in the reshuffling of congressional seats. Congressional representatives from rural districts found excuses to delay the constitutionally required reapportionment.

The nation was politically divided by region, with the South and West on one side and the Northeast on the other. Some Midwestern states were decidedly rural; others, more urban. This divide laid bare differences in values. Rural Americans saw themselves as embodiments of the Jeffersonian ideals of hard work and self-reliance. Farmers cherished those ideals and believed they were protectors of democracy. They were apprehensive of big-city progressivism. They disapproved of the women’s movement for the right to vote and scoffed at the “flappers” who smoked, wore makeup and danced.

Sound familiar? The divide continues today with our stress on “blue” urban and “red” rural areas.

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Limestone on the Blackland Prairie

Post card of the Fannin County Courthouse in Bonham, Texas in 1888. Within two years it will look the same.
(ntxe-news.com)

From the time the first settlers arrived on the Blackland Prairie, they were full of pride to have found such a treasure. In the South, black clay is considered the best soil to plant cotton in. Throughout much of Hunt County, we are excited about such a wonderful farming region. That is, until the rain falls, and that clay becomes a quagmire. Then it’s a mess.

Predominately the Blackland goes deep into the earth. But up in Fannin County, there is a true surprise. The “Gober Chalk” south of Bonham has supplied a smooth, cream-colored limestone for the construction of churches, banks, mercantile stores, and other commercial buildings across northeast Texas. Rob Hodges submitted an article to the Texas Historical Commission, “Real Places Telling Real Stores”. Thank you, Rob Hodges and Susan Tietz, Architect and Coordinator of the Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Program for sharing such an interesting story.

William Floyd and his wife Elizabeth Ford Floyd traveled in a covered wagon with their three children from Grassy Cove, Tennessee to Fannin County, arriving in January 1859. To show how tough the early settlers were, the mother carried her toddler son most of the way because he had wagon sickness.

Shortly after William arrived in Honey Grove, he visited three businessmen and borrowed money for a round-robin scheme to purchase the quarry of about 6,000 acres of limestone cropping south of town. Once out of the ground the limestone turned from a soft, mustard color to a hard and bright yellow. Several public buildings such as schools, city halls, and the Red River County Courthouse in Clarksville were coated the Floyd Quarry limestone.

William and his wife became successful. Some of the first items purchased was a suit for William and fabric for Elizabeth to make a dress for herself. They proudly wore the new frocks to join the local Methodist Church. When McKenzie Methodist Church in Honey Grove built its church in 1880, limestone from the Floyd Quarry was chosen to supply the outstanding limestone. William Floyd supervised installation. Unfortunately, one of the large masonry blocks fell, crushing Floyd’s leg that eventually caused his death in 1883.

Fast forward over a century to 2000. Red River County received a grant to restore its 1884 Second Empire courthouse from the Texas Historical Commission’s (THC) Texas Historical Courthouse Preservation Program that year. Some of the badly deteriorated limestone needed to be replaced. Even though all limestone may look alike, it is extremely difficult to match original masonry on a historic building unless stone from the original quarry is used.

The Floyd Quarry closed in 1904. When THC contacted Mary Pauline Yarborough, owner and descendant of the quarry, she graciously agreed to reopen it to find a perfect match for the Red River Courthouse. Twenty years later THC turned again to Yarborough and her quarry for restoration of the Fannin County Courthouse. Today restoration work is extensive but will hopefully be finished within 2021. Both will be treasures.

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An Undertold Marker in Hunt County

Melva Hill, left, is the first woman preacher at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Wolfe City. Another woman chose the name of the church 131 years ago. (Herald Banner)

Hunt County officially received its one-hundredth Texas Historical Marker recently. This was not a normal historical marker, but only one of two special markers here in Hunt County. Both are considered Undertold Markers, a very unique way to recognize local history that is often not represented subjects or simply stories that have seldom been told. The first one honored Mary Jim Morris, an early Black educator here in Greenville. The latest one, unveiled on Saturday, August 22, 2020 told the story of the formation of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Wolfe City.

Beginning in 2006, the Texas Historical Commission began collecting $100 marker application fee to “establish an account to offer funding incentives for special or priority markers.” Funds are intended to address historical gaps, promote diversity of topics, and proactively document significant under representative subjects or untold stories.

The Ebenezer Baptist Church marker became a victim of 2020. It was approved just before the foundry that Texas Historical Commission used for years closed their business. That meant finding another foundry with comparable pricing and craftsmanship. Approved marker applications began to pile up while the search was diligently carried out. Shortly after a new foundry was contracted, the corona virus began. Staff at the Texas Historical Commission in Austin was sent home, as many were throughout the country. Work was completed but not as quickly as earlier.

The Ebenezer marker went to the new foundry in May of this year. Earlier this month the new marker arrived at Ebenezer Baptist Church at 301 Spencer Street in Wolfe City. Within two or three days it was proudly mounted on the front lawn of the church. But the story behind the marker is what is truly remarkable.

Wolfe City is located on the Blackland Prairie, where the deep soil is very fertile. While early settlers came, especially after the Civil War, they lived on large farms. Many were cattle ranches. Ranches were turned into cotton farms. One of the earliest churches was the Baptist Church.

On the first Sunday in June 1889, through the efforts of former slave Harrison Loftin a meeting convened to create a church for the Black community. Six white men, including Rev. Ponder met with three Black men and four Black women. When the church was organized, Louise Loftin named it Ebenezer Baptist Church from the Biblical story in the First Book of Samuel. The Jewish translation means Stone of Help, very apropos to the new church.

Note that the committee for the Black community had three men and four women. A woman gave the church a very significant name. To find a committee of mixed genders in the United States, especially in the Southern States was extremely unusual at that time. That was in 1889, more than 131 years before women were allowed to vote with the 19th Constitutional Amendment. That’s what made the creation of Ebenezer Baptist Church so very, very special.

Today, at Ebenezer, Melva Hill is the first woman preacher.

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Finally, the Right to Vote

American women’s suffrage came down to one man’s vote; President Woodrow Wilson who was reluctant at first. (History.com)

Way back in 1848, a large group of women gathered in Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss three important issues facing Americans. Abolition, Temperance, and Women’s Suffrage were the topics; but the major issue was Women’s Suffrage. It would determine the future of the other two issues.

If women had the right to vote, they could possibly pass laws to control the other two issues. The group gained northern support until the early 1850s when slavery became the most important topic in the nation. Women’s suffrage and Temperance fell short; in fact, Temperance laws were almost nonexistence during the Civil War.

For the next forty years, states bantered back and forth with citizens about women voters. The real issue was control of women and their money. When a couple in England during the 1700s married, the wife gave up all her rights to any inheritance she had. If she earned any money for labor she did, it went to the husband. If the husband died, the wife had no right to guardianship of the children. Another man would be appointed to handle all the funds. Women were to maintain the home, cater to the men, and educate children. But women began to question and rebel this idea. And in the United States men liked the law. One of the leading reasons was the problems of alcohol. Temperance came to the rescue of women and their need for suffrage.

As the issue turned into protests, picketing, and other signs of opposition, President Woodrow Wilson and both houses of Congress began discussions. When the United States entered the World War I, women volunteered for such things as maintaining recreational activities for the young men, as nurses, and even as telephone operators to keep troops in France in communication with each other. The war and the influenza epidemic convinced men, at least some, that women were competent and should have the right to vote. In fact, Army officers abroad in 1918 allowed their wives to cast votes for them.

Congress began to discuss the need for women’s suffrage in the form of a constitutional amendment. Finally, on June 4, 1919, the 19th Amendment passed Congress. Wilson signed it, but since this was an amendment it must be ratified by a majority of the states. The first former Southern State was Texas. The vote was the ninth passed. Tennessee would finish the ratification with its 36th vote.

Now, courthouses would open their doors and women would flock in to vote. No, that wasn’t the way it worked. The 15th Amendment had allowed Black men, but not women, to vote. Shortly thereafter, Jim Crow laws in the South and parts of the north created real tension. For anyone to vote in those states they must pay a poll tax, take a literacy test, and face intimidation. Poll tax was a means that whites could control who voted in their area. Everyone had to pay a small fee, under five dollars; but a small fortune for Blacks and white tenant farmers as well as others on the poverty edge. Those that didn’t have the certificate couldn’t vote. It would be in the 1960s and the Civil Rights Act before all Americans had the right to vote.

So, this week we will celebrate everyone’s right to vote. To celebrate, consider going to the polls before or on November 3rd. Vote for whom ever you choose; it’s your constitutional right remember.

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What Happened to the Olympic Flag?

Hal Haig Prieste holding the first very Olympic flag at an interview in 1997. Prieste, at the urging of a friend, stole the flag off the flagpole, put it in the bottom of his suitcase and kept it for seventy-seven years. (facebook.com)

This year we won’t be able to watch the Olympics, hundreds of well-trained athletes will stay at home, and the whole Summer Olympics will be remembered as the one that wasn’t. A pandemic killed this world-wide sporting event as World War II killed the 1940 and 1944 events.

One hundred years ago, the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium opened with young men and women from twenty-nine nations. Belgium and neighboring France suffered terribly from the tragedy (1914-1918) known then as the War to End All Wars, and later as World War I. Citizens of both nations needed a boost to their morale. Pierre de Fredy, Baron of Coubertin, and founder of the modern Olympics, invited young athletes from around the world, intentionally ignoring Germany and its Central Powers, as well as the Ottoman Empire. The new Soviet Union declined to enter after their internal rebellion.

At the opening parade, the new Olympic Flag with five multicolored rings joined in a chain was first flown. Then the activities began, not within the tight three-week schedule of today but spread out from April through September, when the weather in northeast Europe is delightful.

At the conclusion of the athletic events, the flag was missing. In the excitement, an American diver scaled the flagpole, loosened the flag, and scuttled down the post into the crowd. Urged on by an unidentified teammate Hal Haig Prieste, an Armenian American born in California in 1896, earned a bronze medal for platform diving. He also pulled off the amazing feat.

Prieste was only five feet tall, agile, and something of a jokester and show-off. He was one of the Keystone Kops of silent movie fame, did comedy acts on Broadway, and even preformed acrobatic skills in the circus.

Sports enthusiasts were baffled, Coubertin and Olympic officials were understandingly proud of the flag but absolutely baffled by its theft. Where could it be? No one knew until 1997 when Prieste was interviewed at an Olympic Committee event. The reporter mentioned the flag mystery. At the age of 101, Hal Haig Prieste blurted out the story of the missing flag and confessed his sin. He decided it was time to reopen the suitcase and return the flag to its rightful owners, the Olympic Committee.

After some restoration, the flag is now on display at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. Graciously accepting a plaque for “donating” the flag to the museum Prieste was forgiven for his prank. Prieste is the only Olympian whose life spanned three centuries. He died on April 19, 2001, at the age of 104. For seventy-seven years he kept the location of the Olympic flag a secret in his old suitcase. What a guy!

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Touring Bucolic Hunt County

Commercial marker at South Sulphur Cemetery in northeast Hunt County. It is one of the oldest burial sites in the county and one of the most peaceful around. (Photo by author)

Last weekend we slipped out of our In-Shelter place and went for a drive. South Sulphur Cemetery was our goal, but we investigated other spots in northeast Hunt County along the way. It was a pleasant Sunday morning, with lots to see.

Our goal was a small country cemetery located near South Sulphur Creek that heads near the cemetery and flows into the Middle Sulphur River east of Commerce. They, in turn, flow into North Sulphur Creek to create the Sulphur River. The Sulphur River flows into the Red River in Arkansas on its way to the Gulf of Mexico.

A small community grew around the cemetery. The post at the cemetery gate informs visitors that the cemetery was first used as a burial ground in 1850. That makes it one of the oldest in Hunt County. The cemetery is neatly mowed with no visible tombstones overturned. The ample ground space along with the knowledge of the first grave indicates that there are probably several unmarked graves inside the fence. I didn’t walk around the fence looking for outlaw graves, those who were buried outside the fence.

The earliest pioneers settled near what is today the cemetery. To the north and west was a wooded area known as Black Cat Thicket. It was a hideout for outlaws before and after the Civil War, and during the war it was a refuge for deserters, both north and south. In the 1870s, Hunt County and neighboring areas wished, hoped, and petitioned for a railroad. They knew the soil was superb for raising cotton, but with no way to ship the cotton to market, there was no reason to grow a crop. In 1873 the disastrous recession took finances from the railroads and everyone else. No tracks were laid for rest of the decade.

But 1880 came in with a boom, the railroad came from Denison to Greenville and on to Jefferson, a river port for cotton. Other tracks led to Galveston, the big cotton port. It was at that time farmers changed from raising livestock, wheat, and corn to cotton. From 1880 to the First World War in 1914, farmers plowed and planted cotton. And all the time, the price of cotton dropped more and more. By the Great Depression of the 1930s, cotton was bringing five cents a pound.

After World War II, farmers living around South Sulphur began to try various other crops. Along our drive we saw where wheat had been harvested and then the stalks plowed under to supplement the soil. Almost every house had bales of hay around the barn, waiting for horse farmers from the Denton area to purchase their fine crops. Acres and acres of corn and soybeans were just about ready to be harvested. As we went through Wolfe City, we saw a large pecan orchard in the Short Creek bottom. It’s been there since the 1970s, I know.

This is the farming region of Hunt County.

Several homes dotted the landscape. All were neatly mowed, trash picked up, and vegetables in the gardens on their last leg with the weather warming up. We even crossed Turkey Creek; I suspect it was named for all the wild turkeys. I highly recommend Sunday drives like this for a safe opportunity to get out of the house, while still isolated.

The only other part of the county I am not well acquainted with is the southwest part. One of these days I’ll get my chauffeur to drive down that way. He is extremely knowledgeable about crops and is a very good husband.

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